Print Encyclopedia Entry: Show
Name of Encyclopedia. s.v. "Title of Article." Edition. Number of Volumes. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. West's Encyclopedia of American Law. s.v. "North Atlantic Treaty Organization." 2nd ed. 10 vols. Detroit: Thompson Gale, 2005. Electronic Encyclopedia Entry: Name of Encyclopedia. s.v. "Title of Article". Publisher, Year of Publication. Article published Month Day, Year of Publication [if no publication or revision date is available, provide an access date]. DOI or stable URL. Encyclopedia of Global Religion. s.v. "Kenya". Sage, 2012. Accessed July 17, 2012. http://libdb.fairfield.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=474348&site=ehost-live&scope=site&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_658. Signed Encyclopedia Entry: Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of Article." In Title of Encyclopedia. Publisher, Year of Publication. Publication or Revision Date [if no publication or revision date is available, provide an access date]. DOI or stable URL [if electronic]. Stalley, Roger. "Clonmacnois Monastery." In Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press, 2003. Last modified October 2, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T018242. Note: Well-known encyclopedias are often omitted in the Bibliography and only included in the notes. Above is a more formal example. For well known references such as Encyclopaedia Britannica, you can omit publisher and location, but the edition must be included. For lesser known publications, this information should be included. If items are listed alphabetically, use abbreviation "s.v.", short for sub verbo, or "under the word". First Note: Print: 34. West's Encyclopedia of American Law, 2nd ed. (2005), s.v. "North Atlantic Treaty Organization." Electronic: 34. Encyclopedia of Global Religion, s.v. "Kenya," Sage, 2012, accessed July 17, 2012, http://libdb.fairfield.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=474348&site=ehost-live&scope=site&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_658. Signed 34. Roger Stalley, "Clonmacnois Monastery," in Grove Art Online, Oxford Art Online, Oxford University Press, 2003, last modified October 2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T018242. Shortened Note: Print: 35. West's Encyclopedia of American Law, s.v "North Atlantic Treaty Organization." Electronic: 35. Encyclopedia of Global Religion, s.v. "Kenya." Signed: 35. Stalley, "Clonmacnois Monastery." The CMS style documentation system is used in both the humanities and the social sciences. A bit more complex than either the MLA or the APA, it offers two approaches for documenting sources: 1) a notes system and, 2) an author/date system similar to the APA. This guide explains the notes system. A separate guide explains the Chicago Manual of Style (Author/Date System). Inserted at the point of reference, superscripted numbers interact with sequentially numbered footnotes listed at the bottom of a page or endnotes listed at the end of the document. These notes replace the types of end documentation found in both the MLA and APA systems, though it is advised that a bibliography accompany any document containing numerous notes regardless of their location. Check with your instructor on what is expected when you are asked to use this style. This guide is largely based on style recommendations from the 14th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style, however, you may also wish to consult the 6th edition of Kate Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). In it you will find many corresponding or similar documentation patterns. [Guide Updated Jul 2017] Citing Sources within Your Document (Using In-Text Numbering)The CMS - Notes in-text citation system is simple: It relies on numbers. Unlike the MLA and the APA, no parenthetical information is required. All that's needed is a superscripted number: a raised numeral located at the end of a clause or sentence identifying the content as outside source material. The superscripted number flags the reader's attention to the existence of a citation note bearing the same number located either at the bottom of a page or the end of a book or document. CMS In-Text Numbering RulesCMS In-Text Numbering Rules are as follows:
Superscripting Numbers with Microsoft® Word
Examples of Notes & Bibliography Formatting Rules1. Superscript Number Placed at the End of a Sentence Note: In this case, superscript number 1 is an implied reference indicating that the origin of the source material will be found in a footnote or endnote. Writing your way out is how you escape the Penguin Room.1 2. Superscript Number Placed after a Clause Note: In this case, superscript number 3 is an express reference. It includes an author tag, or attribute, naming the origin of the source material. Calderazzo's "Find the Penguin Room" solution,3 the curious and unexpected response to one of the basic questions many beginning writers ask, is introduced in the first chapter. 3. Superscript Number Placed before an em dash in a Sentence Note: In this case, superscript number 5 implies a reference specific to that part of the sentence which precedes the em dash. What kind of person brings a penguin collection to the broiling slickrock desert5-a simple enough question-is the type of thing that triggers the instinctual curiosity of a seasoned freelance writer. 4. Two or More Superscript Numbers in One Sentence Note: In this case, superscript number 7 references the source indicated within the quotation marks whereas, superscript number 8 references an entire chapter. Calderazzo's use of Annie Dillard's "write as if you were dying" notion,7 though a grim thought, conveniently closes the opening chapter on finding inspiration, following your curiosity and thinking like a freelancer.8 Documenting Sources Using Numbered Notes & A BibliographyThe end documentation in the CMS note system is called a Notes page. It is a list located at the end of a document or book containing all the bibliographic information needed to find out more about cited source material. Each note is called an endnote. The Notes page is a selective bibliography and does not include a full accounting of sources related to or consulted before you began writing your document, but only those actually cited. In the case of a limited number of citations, footnotes at the bottom of each page may replace the endnotes. In addition to bibliographic information, each note may contain content that is indirectly relevant to your topic, but which may be tangentially interesting or useful to your reader: your research challenges, conflicting evidence and disagreements among experts, for instance, would fall into this category. Proper CMS documentation depends on the Notes page. Without it the in-text numbers would make little sense as they would no longer be pointing at any corresponding entries in the end documentation. CMS Notes Page Formatting rulesCMS Notes Page formatting rules call for the end documentation to begin on a new page at the end of your document and be numbered accordingly. If your document is 6½ pages long, the Notes page should begin on page 8. When footnotes replace endnotes, separate them from the body text with a triple-space or a twelve-space bar line beginning flush-left and then apply the same formatting rules as for endnotes. Note: Unless informed otherwise, you can count on your instructor not counting the Notes page in the total page count of an eight page assignment. The Notes page formatting rules are as follows:
Individual entries should be formatted in the following way:
CMS Bibliography Formatting RulesCMS Bibliography formatting rules differ significantly from the Notes rules:
CMS Directory of Notes & Bibliography Formatting RulesBooks and Book Parts1. Book with Unknown Authors Notes Format: 1. Washington Post Guide to Washington (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2013), 12. Bibliography Format: Washington Post Guide to Washington. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2013. 2. Book with Group or Corporate Author Notes Format: 2. Time-Life Books, The Age of God Kings: Time Frame-3000-1500 B.C. (Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Education, 1987), 17. Bibliography Format: Time-Life Books. The Age of God Kings: Time Frame-3000-1500 B.C. Alexandria, VA: Little, Time-Life Education, 1987. 3. Book with with One Author Notes Format: 3. Ronald Takaki, A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1993), 54. Bibliography Format: Takaki, Ronald. A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1993. 4. Book with Two Authors Note: Names must always appear in the same order as found on the Title page of the work being cited. Notes Format: 4. Ira Schor and Paulo Freire, A Pedagogy for Liberation: Dialogues on Transforming Education (New York: Bergin and Garvey, 1987), 89. Bibliography
Format: Schor, Ira, and Paulo Freire. A Pedagogy for Liberation: Dialogues on Transforming Education. New York: Bergin and Garvey, 1987. 5. Book with Three Authors Note: Names must always appear in the same order, separated by commas, as found on the Title page of the work being cited. Notes Format: 2. Gerald J. Alred, Charles T. Brusaw, and Walter E. Oliu, The Business Writer's Handbook, 7th ed. (Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003), 116. Bibliography Format: Alred, Gerald J., Charles T. Brusaw, and Walter E. Oliu. The Business Writer's Handbook. 7th ed. Boston and New York: Bedford/St. 6. Book with Four or More Authors Note: Names must always appear in the same order as found on the Title page of the work being cited. Note entries use the first name first rule for the author and the Latin abbreviation "et al.," or its literal translation "and others" for all other author names. In the bibliography, use the last name first rule for the lead author's name and the first name first rule for all other authors. Separate names with commas. Notes
Format: 5. James L. Roark et al., The American Promise (Boston: Bedford, 1998). Bibliography Format: Roark, James L., M. Johnson, P. Cohen, S. Stage, A. Lawson, and S. Hartmann. The American Promise. Boston: Bedford, 1998. 7. Book with Author & Editor(s) or Translator(s) Notes Format: 6. Martin Heidegger, On the Way to Language, trans. Peter D. Hertz (San Francisco: Harper Collins, HarperSanFrancisco, 1971), 32. Bibliography Format: Heidegger, Martin. On the Way to Language. Translated by Peter D. Hertz. San Francisco: Harper Collins, HarperSanFrancisco, 1971. 8. Edited Book/Anthology/Collection Notes Format: 7. Nancy Buffington, Marvin Diogenes, and Clyde Moneyhun, eds. Living Languages: Contexts for Reading and Writing (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, Blair Press, 1997), 351. Bibliography Format: Buffington, N., M. Diogenes, and C. Moneyhun, eds. Living Languages: Contexts for Reading and Writing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, Blair Press, 1997. 9. Chapter or Selection in Book Anthology/Collection Notes Format: 8. John McPhee, "The Search for Marvin Gardens," in The Next American Essay, ed. John D'Agata, 9-20 (St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press, 2003). Bibliography Format: McPhee, John. "The Search for Marvin Gardens." In The Next American Essay, edited by John D'Agata, 9-20. St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press, 2003. 10. Chapter in an Unedited Book Notes Format: 9. Susan Millar Williams, "Cross Purposes," chap. 6 in A Devil and a Good Woman, Too: The Lives of Julia Peterkin. (Athens and London: University of Georgia Press, 1997). Bibliography Format: Williams, Susan Millar. "Cross Purposes." Chap. 6 in A Devil and a Good Woman, Too: The Lives of Julia Peterkin. Athens and London: University of Georgia Press, 1997. 11. Book Editions (Second, Third, etc.) Notes Format: 10. Stephen Reid, The Prentice Hall Guide for College Writers, 4th ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998), 124. Bibliography Format: Reid, Stephen. The Prentice Hall Guide for College Writers. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998. 12. Republished (Republished) Book Notes Format: 11. Elsie Clews Parsons, Folk-Lore of the Sea Islands, South Carolina (1923; repr., Chicago: Afro-Am Press, 1969), 135-136. Bibliography
Format: Parsons, Elsie Clews. Folk-Lore of the Sea Islands, South Carolina. 1923. Reprint, Chicago: Afro-Am Press, 1969. 13. Sacred Texts Note: Sacred texts such as the Christian Bible, Islam's Holy Qur'an and the Hebrew Torah are generally not included in the bibliography. Notes Format: 12. Qur'an, 57:4 (New York: Penguin Classics, 2004). 14. Untitled Volume in a Multivolume Work Notes Format: 13. John M. Faragher et al., Out of Many: A History of the American People. (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice, 1994), 1:97-102. Bibliography Format: Faragher, John M., Mari Jo Buhle, Daniel Czitrom, and Susan H. Armitage. Out of Many: A History of the American People. Vol. 1. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice, 1994. Note: In cases where all volumes are used, substitute the total number of volumes in place of "Vol. 1." after the title. Faragher, John M., Mari Jo Buhle, Daniel Czitrom, and Susan H. Armitage. Out of Many: A History of the American People. 2 vols. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice, 1994. 15. Titled Volume in a Multivolume Work Notes Format: 14. Louis A. Garavaglia and Charles G. Worman, Firearms of the American West, 1803 - 1865, vol. 1 of Firearms of the American West (Niwot, CO: University Press of Colorado, 1998), 31-32. Bibliography Format: Louis A. Garavaglia and Charles G. Worman. Firearms of the American West, 1803 - 1865. Vol. 1 of Firearms of the American West. Niwot, CO: University Press of Colorado, 1998. 16. Book in a Series Notes Format: 15. Michael Levine, African Americans and Civil Rights: from 1619 to the Present, Social Issues in American History Series (Phoenix, AZ: Orynx Press, 1996), 42. Bibliography Format: Levine, Michael. African Americans and Civil Rights: from 1619 to the Present. Social Issues in American History Series. Phoenix, AZ: Orynx Press, 1996. 17. Book Without Publication InNotes Formation Notes Format: Note: N.p. and n.d. stand for no page, no date. 16. Roy G. Biv, On Learning the Color Spectrum (n.p., n.d.), 15. Bibliography Format: Biv, Roy G. On Learning the Color Spectrum. N.p., n.d. 18. Book Introduction, Preface, Forward or Afterword Notes Format: 17. David Lodge, introduction to Emma, by Jane Austen (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971), 5. Bibliography Format: Lodge, David. Introduction to Emma, by Jane Austen. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971. Journals, Magazines and Newspapers1. Journal Article with Consecutive Pagination Note: Consecutive Pagination means that each new issue of a Journal begins with the page number that follows the last page number in the previous issue. In other words, the page numbers run consecutively from issue to issue. Notes Format: 1. Sterling Brown, "Arcadia, South Carolina." Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life 12 (1934): 59-60. Bibliography Format: Brown, Sterling. "Arcadia, South Carolina." Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life 12 (1934): 59-60. 2. Journal Article with Non-Consecutive Pagination Note: Non-Consecutive Pagination means that each new issue of a Journal begins with page 1 and not with the number that follows the last page number in the previous issue, as is the case with consecutive pagination. Notes
Format: 2. James Clifford, "On Ethnographic Authority," Representations 1, no. 2 (1983): 118-46. Bibliography Format: Clifford, James. "On Ethnographic Authority." Representations 1, no. 2 (1983): 118-46. 3. Article in a Weekly Magazine Notes Format: 3. Pete Axthelm, "Up Front: America's First Poet Laureate, Robert Penn Warren, Was A Wise and Eloquent Son of the South," People Weekly, 2 October 1989, 46. Bibliography Format: Note: Include page numbers in the bibliography except in the case where an article begins at one point in the magazine and jumps to a different part of the magazine. Axthelm, Pete. "Up Front: America's First Poet Laureate, Robert Penn Warren, Was a Wise and Eloquent Son of the South." People Weekly, 2 October 1989. 45-48. 4. Article in a Monthly or Seasonal Magazine Notes Format: 4. Brad Lemley, "The Underground Architect," New Age, January/February 1995, 10. Bibliography Format: Lemley, Brad. "The Underground Architect." New Age, January/February 1995, 10-15. 5. Article in a Magazine with Volume and Issue Numbers Notes Format: 5. "A Passing Race," Canadian Magazine, 71 (1929): 34. Note: When no author by-line exists, begin with the "Article Title" and proceed as shown above and below. This case also illustrates a magazine with a volume number but not an issue number. Bibliography
Format: "A Passing Race." Canadian Magazine, 71 (1929): 34. 6. Article in a Newspaper Notes Format: 6. Fred J. Eckert, "An Island of Black Culture," Minneapolis Star Tribune, 2 February 1997. Note: When no author by-line exists, begin with the "Article Title" and proceed as shown above and below. Bibliography Format: Eckert, Fred J. "An Island of Black Culture." Minneapolis Star Tribune, 2 February 1997. Note: When not part of the newspaper title, include name of American city, in italics, along with the rest of the title, as shown here: Denver Rocky Mountain News Note: When city name is not well known, or there is more than one city in America with the same name, include the state abbreviation, in parenthesis and not italicized, as shown here: Ashtabula, (OH) Star-Beacon Note: Follow the title of foreign newspapers with its hometown name, in parenthesis and not italicized, as shown here: Sunday Times (London) 7. Letter to the Editor (Magazine or Newspaper) Notes Format: Note: The example below illustrates the cases of a letter to the editor without a title. 7. Peter Connor, "letter to the editor," The Fort Collins Coloradoan, 16 January 2005, 7B. Bibliography Format: Connor, Peter. "Letter to the Editor." The Fort Collins Coloradoan, 16 January 2005, 7B. 8. Book Review (Magazine or Newspaper) Notes Format: 8. John Chamberlain, review of Bright Skin, by Julia Peterkin, New York Times, 10 April 1932, 7. Bibliography Format: Chamberlain, John. Review of Bright Skin, by Julia Peterkin. New York Times, 10 April 1932, 7. 9. Stage/Theatre Review (Magazine or Newspaper) Notes Format: 9. Jana J. Monji, 'Brief' Pokes Fun at Barristers' Profession. Review of Dock Brief, by John Mortimer, as performed by the Fremont Centre Theatre, South Pasadena, CA. Los Angeles Times, 31 January 1998, Home Edition, Calendar, 10. Bibliography Format: Monji, Jana J. 'Brief' Pokes Fun at Barristers' Profession. Review of Dock Brief, by John Mortimer. Fremont Centre Theatre, South Pasadena, CA. Los Angeles Times, 31 January 1998, Home Edition, Calendar, 10. 10. Movie Review (Magazine or Newspaper) Notes Format: 10. Jack Garner, "Private Life Is an Open Book in 'Enemy of the State,'" review of Enemy of the State (Touchstone Pictures movie), Fort Collins Coloradoan, 20 November 1998, Ticket Section 7. Bibliography Format: Garner, Jack. "Private Life Is an Open Book in 'Enemy of the State.'" Review of Enemy of the State (Touchstone Pictures movie). Fort Collins Coloradoan, 20 November 1998, Ticket Section 7. 11. Music/Concert Review (Magazine or Newspaper) Notes Format: 11. Mark Swed, "Bartok Quartet Honors Its Namesake," review of concert performance of The 6 String Quartets, by Bela Bartok, Schoenberg Hall (UCLA), Bartok Quartet. Los Angeles Times, Home Edition, 27 February 1998, 20. Bibliography Format: Swed, Mark. "Bartok Quartet Honors Its Namesake." Review of concert performance of The 6 String Quartets, by Bela Bartok, Schoenberg Hall (UCLA), Bartok Quartet. Los Angeles Times, Home Edition, 27 February 1998, 20. Dissertations and Theses1. Published Dissertation or Thesis Note: Include the phrase, "Ph.D. diss." or "Master's thesis" before the name of the degree granting institution. Notes Format: 1. Marcia Marvin Lavely, A Study of American Literature which Incorporates the Use of the Gullah Dialect (Sea Islands) (Ph.D. diss., University of Mississippi, 1991), 22. Bibliography Format: Lavely, Marcia Marvin. A Study of American Literature which Incorporates the Use of the Gullah Dialect (Sea Islands). Ph.D. diss., University of Mississippi, 1991. 2. Unpublished Dissertation or Thesis Note: Include the phrase, "Ph.D. diss." or "Master's thesis" before the name of the degree granting institution. Notes Format: 2. Annie Catherine Hughey, "The Treatment of the Negro in South Carolina Fiction" (Master's thesis, University of South Carolina, 1933), 61. Bibliography Format: Hughey, Annie Catherine. "The Treatment of the Negro in South Carolina Fiction." Master's thesis, University of South Carolina, 1933. 3. Abstract of Dissertation or Thesis Note: Format like a Journal Article. Include the phrase, "Ph.d. diss." or "master's thesis" before the name of the degree granting institution. Notes Format: 3. Marcia Marvin Lavely, "A Study of American Literature which Incorporates the Use of the Gullah Dialect (Sea Islands)" (Ph.D. diss., University of Mississippi, 1991), abstract in Dissertation Abstracts International 53 (1992): 1501A. Bibliography
Format: Lavely, Marcia Marvin. "A Study of American Literature which Incorporates the Use of the Gullah Dialect (Sea Islands)." Ph.D. diss., University of Mississippi, 1991. Abstract in Dissertation Abstracts International 53 (1992): 1501A. Unpublished Manuscripts and Papers1. Unpublished Document in a Manuscript Collection Notes Format: 1. Letter from Julia Peterkin to George Shively, 18 October 1930, Bobbs-Merrill Papers, Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington. Bibliography Format: Peterkin, Julia. Letter to George Shively dated 18 October 1930. Bobbs-Merrill Papers. Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington. Note: Make a bibliographic entry for the entire manuscript collection when more than one document is cited. Include Collection name, Depository and Location as in the example below. More specific bibliographic information should appear within the individual citation notes. Peterkin Papers. South Caroliniana Library. Columbia, South Carolina. 2. Unpublished Papers Read at Meetings Note: Papers appearing in the Published Proceedings of Meetings may be formatted in the same manner as a book. Notes Format: 2. M. Montgomery, "Lorenzo Dow Turner's Early Work on Gullah" (paper presented at the 9th Annual Symposium on Language and Culture, Columbia, SC, April 1985), 3-4. Bibliography Format: Montgomery, M. "Lorenzo Dow Turner's Early Work on Gullah." Paper presented at the 9th Annual Symposium on Language and Culture, Columbia, SC, April 1985. Interviews, Letters and Personal Communications1. Published Interviews Note: Consult The Chicago Manual of Style to format interviews appearing in other print and non-print mediums. Notes Format: 1. Dr. Robert Bullard, "Dr. Robert Bullard: Some People Don't Have the Complexion for..." interviewed by Jim Motavelli. E Magazine, July/August 1998: 10-13. Bibliography Format: Bullard, Dr. Robert."Dr. Robert Bullard: Some People Don't Have the Complexion for...," interviewed by Jim Motavelli, E Magazine, July/August 1998: 10-13. 2. Unpublished Interviews Notes Format: 2. Christine S. Neuhoff, interview by author, tape recording, Fort Collins, CO., 29 September 1998. Bibliography Format: Neuhoff, Christine S. Interview by author, tape recording. Fort Collins, CO, 29 September 1998. 3. Published Letters Notes Format: 3. Flannery O'Connor to Maryat Lee, 20 May 1960, In the Habit of Being, Letters Edited and with an Introduction by Sally Fitzgerald (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1979; New York: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux, Noonday Press, 1995), 396. Bibliography
Format: O'Connor, Flannery. Letter to Maryat Lee, 20 May 1960. In The Habit of Being, Letters Edited and with an Introduction by Sally Fitzgerald, 396. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1979; New York: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux, Noonday Press, 1995. Note: Make a bibliographic entry for the entire letter collection when more than one letter is cited. Include collection name, editor if applicable, Place of Publication: Publisher and Year of Publication as in the example below. More specific bibliographic information should appear within the individual citation notes. O'Connor, Flannery. The Habit of Being, Letters Edited and with an Introduction by Sally Fitzgerald. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1979; New York: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux, Noonday Press, 1995. 4. Unpublished Letters Notes Format: 4. In a letter to the author dated 25 March 1995, Sandra Nesbitt expressed.... or 4. Nesbitt, Sandra. Letter to the author, 25 March 1995. Electronic Sources1. Portable Sources (CD-ROM's, Diskettes, Magnetic Tapes, etc.) Note: Unlike online sources which exist on a computer service or network and are subject to continual revision, portable electronic sources are published and released at fixed points in time. The following example is for a non-periodical portable source. The format for a periodical source is slightly different. Bibliography Format: Sheehy, Donald, ed. "Robert Frost: Poems, Life, Legacy." [CD-ROM]. New York: Holt, 1997. 2. Computer Programs and Software Bibliography Format: Electronic Supplements for Real Writing: 1. Interactive Writing Software Ver. 1. Bedford, Boston. Digital SourcesAll digital sources should include either a publication date, a revision or “last modified” date, or an access date. After the date, include a DOI (digital object identifier) or, if the source does not have a DOI, a stable URL. For a source accessed through a database, include the name of the database and any number assigned to the source. 1. Online Computer Services Note: The following source was obtained through the computer service "Dialog." Bibliography
Format: Wever, Katharine. "In a Painting, Gershwin Packed the House." New York Times 30 Aug. 1998, late ed.: sec. 2, p. 30. Dialog, New York Times Fulltext 03819774. 2. Online Documents Bibliography
Format: Bierce, Ambrose. Can Such Things Be True? [book online]. New York: Johnathan Cape and Harrison Smith, 1993. Accessed 28 September 1998. Available from gopher: //wiretap.spies.com:70/00/Library/Classic/cansuch.txt. Internet. 3. Online Databases Bibliography Format: "Abbott Announces First Treatment for AIDS-related Infection." In Businesswire [database online]. Abbott Park, Ill.: Business Wire, 1986- [updated 28 December 1993; cited 20 November 1998]. Accession no. 0376540, NO=BW6540. 1 screen. Available from DIALOG Information Services, Inc., Palo Alto, Calif. 4. Article from a Database (Note Example) 4. Alessandro, Pes, “Becoming Imperialist: Italian Colonies in Fascist Textbooks for Primary Schools.” Journal of Modern Italian Studies 18, no. 5 (2013): 609-11, Academic Search Premier (92017350), doi: 10.1080/1354571X.2013.839519. 5. Article from an Online Journal(Note Example) 5. Gary Fields, “Palestinian Landscape in a ‘Not-too-Distant-Mirror,’” Journal of Historical Sociology 23, no. 2 (June 2010), doi: 10.111/j.1467-6443.2010.01373.x. 6. Article in an Online Magazine (Note Example) 6. Jacob Siegel, “The History and Logic of Military Ultimatums, From Suez to Crimea.” The Daily Beast, March 3, 2014. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/03/03/the-history-and-logic-of-military-ultimatums-from-suez-to-crimea.html 7. Article from a Nonperiodical Website (Note Example) 7. Abby Mendelson, “Roberto Clemente: A Form of Punishment,” Pittsburg Pirates, MLB.com, May 24, 2013. http://mlb.mlb.com/pit/history/pit_clemente.jsp. 8. Citing an Online Book (Note Example) 8. Gary Ruskin, Spooky Business: Corporate Espionage against Nonprofit Organizations (Washington, DC: Essential Information, 2013), http://www.corporatepolicy.org/spookybusiness.pdf. 9. Article Posted on a Wiki (Note Example) 9. “Native Americans,” Davis Wiki, accessed March 4, 2014, http://daviswiki.org/Native_Americans. 10. Citing an Entire Blog (Note Example) 10. Pat McNamara, McNamara’s Blog: Musings of a Catholic Church Historian from Queens, New York, http://www.patheos.com/blogs/mcnamarasblog/. 11. Citing an Entry or Comment on a Blog (Note Example) 11. Donna Haisty Winchell, “In Arizona, Is It Ethics or Economics?” Argument and the Headlines (blog), Bits: Ideas for Teaching Composition, March 3, 2014, http://blogs.bedfordstmartins.com/bits/author/donnaonbitsgmail-com/. 12. Citing a Email Message (Note Example) 12. Brysa H. Levy, e-mail message to author, January 4, 2014. 13. Citing an Online Posting to a Discussin Group (Note Example) 13. Alessandro Busà to URBANTH-L discussion group, December 1, 2009, http://lists.cc.ysu.edu/pipermail/urbanth-l/2009-December/002761.html. Audio and Video Recordings1. Musical Recordings Note: The elements in the following format (particularly composer and director) may be rearranged to suit your particular purposes. See Chicago Manual of Style for more examples. Notes Format: 1. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Requiem Mass, K626 (Edited by Franz Beyer), Academy and Chorus of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, Neville Mariner, London compact disk 417 746-2. Bibliography Format: Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. Requiem Mass, K626. (Edited by Franz Beyer). Academy and Chorus of St. Martin-in-the-Fields. Neville Mariner. London compact disk 417 746-2. 2. Dramatic Performance Recordings Notes Format: 2. William Shakespeare, Othello, directed by Howerd Sackler, performed by Frank Silvera, Celia Johnson, Cyril Cusack, Anna Massey, and others, Caedmon CDG 225, audiotape. Bibliography Format: Shakespeare, William. Othello. Directed by Howerd Sackler. Performed by Frank Silvera, Celia Johnson, Cyril Cusack, Anna Massey, and others. Caedmon CDG 225. Audiotape. 3. Poetry and Prose Recordings Notes
Format: 3. T.S. Eliot, Poems and Choruses, read by author, Caedmon TC1045, record album. Bibliography Format: Eliot, T.S. Poems and Choruses. Read by author. Caedmon TC1045. Record album. 4. Lecture Recordings Notes Format: 49. L.M.N. Nesbitt, Censorship, audiotape of a lecture presented by Louann Reid at Colorado State University, Fort Collins Colorado, October 1995. Bibliography Format: Nesbitt, L.M.N., Censorship. Audiotape of a lecture presented by Louann Reid at Colorado State University, Fort Collins Colorado, October 1995. 5. Slides Note: The variety of visual and audiovisual materials now used by writers makes general formatting rules impossible. In theses cases a description of the material, the name of the individual responsible for the material, and the information necessary to retrieve it should be included. Notes Format: 4. John Nesbitt, Europe by Train (Knoxville, TN: Fabricated Production Company, 1991, slides. Bibliography Format: Nesbitt, John. Europe by Train. Knoxville, TN, Fabricated Production Company, 1991. Slides. 6. Films Note: The variety of visual and audiovisual materials now used by writers makes general formatting rules impossible. In theses cases a description of the material, the name of the individual responsible for the material, and the information necessary to retrieve it should be included. Notes Format: 5. The Feast, 16 mm, 29 min., U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Springfield, VA, 1970. Bibliography Format: The Feast. 16 mm, 29 min. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Springfield, VA, 1970. 7. Videocassettes Note: The variety of visual and audiovisual materials now used by writers makes general formatting rules impossible. In theses cases a description of the material, the name of the individual responsible for the material, and the information necessary to retrieve it should be included. Notes Format: 6. Sam Shepherd: Fool for Love, dir. Robert Altman, 108 min., MGM, 1985, videocassette. Bibliography Format: Shepherd, Sam. Sam Shepherd: Fool for Love. Dir. by Robert Altman. 108 min. MGM, 1985. Videocassette. Legal Materials1. State and Federal Court Cases/Decisions Notes Format: Note: For state court cases include both official and commercial reporters separated by a comma. 1. Meyer v. State of Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390, 43 (S.Ct. 625 1923). Bibliography Format: Meyer v. State of Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390, 43 (S.Ct. 625 1923) 2. State and Federal Constitutions Notes Format: 2. Wis Const, Art IX, § 1. Bibliography Format: Wis Const, Art IX, § 1. Publications of Congress1. Congressional Record/General Citation Notes Format: 1. Congressional Record, 104th Cong., 1st sess., 1995, 141, pt. 26. Or 1. Cong. Rec. 104th Cong., 1st sess., 1995. 141, pt. 26. Bibliography Format: Congressional Record. 104th Cong., 1st sess., 1995. Vol. 141, pt. 26. 2. Congressional Record/Speaker Citation Notes Format: 2. U.S. Senate. Senator Kennedy of Massachusetts reintroducing the Equal Remedies Act. 104th Cong., 1st sess. Congressional Record (30 Jan. 1995), vol. 141, pt. 10. Bibliography Format: U.S. Senate. Senator Kennedy of Massachusetts reintroducing the Equal Remedies Act. 104th Cong., 1st sess. Congressional Record (30 Jan. 1995), vol. 141, pt. 10. 3. Congressional Records and Documents Notes Format: 3. U.S. Congress, South Dakota Water Resource Development, 97th Cong., 2d sess., 1982, S. Doc. 514, Serial 13452. Bibliography Format: U.S. Congress. South Dakota Water Resource Development. 97th Cong., 2d sess., 1982. S. Doc. 514. Serial 13452. 4. Congressional Journals Notes Format: 4. Senate Journal, 104th Cong., 2d sess., 20 February 1996, 7-17. Bibliography
Format: U.S. Congress. Senate Journal. 104th Cong., 2d sess., 20 February 1996. Or U.S. Senate Journal. 104th Cong., 2d sess., 20 February 1996. 5. Congressional Hearings Notes Format: 5. U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Policy in the Persian Gulf: Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, 101st Cong., 2d sess., 4-5 December 1990, 42-43. Bibliography Format: U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. U.S. Policy in the Persian Gulf: Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations. 101st Cong., 2d sess., 4-5 December 1990. 6. Congressional Committee Prints Notes Format: 6. Senate Committee on Public Works, Effects and Methods of Control of Thermal Discharges, report prepared by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, 93rd Cong., 1st sess., 1973, Committee Print 14, 19. Bibliography Format: Senate Committee on Public Works. Effects and Methods of Control of Thermal Discharges. report prepared by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, 93rd Cong., 1st sess., 1973, Committee Print 14. 7. Congressional Bills and Resolutions Notes Format: 7. Interstate Child Support Enforcement Act, 104th Cong., 1st sess., H.R. 195, Congressional Record, 241, no. 4, daily ed. (9 January 1995): H168. Bibliography Format: Note: The Chicago Manual of Style notes that bills and resolutions are cited in text or notes, but not always in the bibliography. When they are they should follow this format. U.S. House. Interstate Child Support Enforcement Act. 104th Cong., 1st sess., H.R. 195. Congressional Record, 241, no. 4, daily ed. (9 January 1995): H168. 8. Laws and Statutes Published as Slip Laws Notes Format: 8. U.S. Public Law 105-258, 105th Cong., 2d sess. (14 October 1998), 12-13. Bibliography Format: U.S. Public Law 105-258. 105th Cong., 2d sess., 14 October 1998. 9. Laws and Statures Collected in Statutes at Large Notes Format: 9. U.S. Statutes at Large 25 (1888): 476. Bibliography Format: U.S. Statutes at Large 25 (1888): 476. 10. Laws and Statutes Incorporated Into the U.S. Code Notes Format: 64. Farm Credit Act, U.S. Code Annotated, vol. 42, sec. 410 (1959). Bibliography Format: Farm Credit Act. U.S. Code Annotated. Vol. 42, sec. 410 (1959). Presidential Documents1. Proclamations and Executive Orders Notes Format: 1. President, Proclamation, "Display of the Flag of the United States of America at Half-Staff Upon the Death of Certain Officials and Former Officials," Federal Register 19, no. 3 (1 March 1954): 1235, microfiche. Bibliography Format: President. Proclamation. "Display of the Flag of the United States of America at Half-Staff Upon the Death of Certain Officials and Former Officials." Federal Register 19, no. 3 (1 March 1954): 1235. Microfiche. 2. Messages and Papers of the Presidents Notes Format: 2. House Miscellaneous Document no. 210, 53rd Cong., 2d sess, in Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 1789-1897. Edited by J.D. Richardson (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1907), 4:16. Bibliography Format: Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 1789-1897. Edited by J.D. Richardson. Vol. 10. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1907. 3. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States Notes Format: 3. Jimmy Carter, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Jimmy Carter, 1980-81, vol. 1. (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1981), 151. Bibliography Format: Carter, Jimmy. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Jimmy Carter, 1980-81. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1981. Government Documents and Publications1. Executive Department Publications Notes Format: 1. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit and Rural Development of the Committee on Agriculture, U.S. House of Representatives, Attorney-client Privilege and the Right of Congressional Access to Documents for Oversight Purposes in the Case of the Suspension of the Telephone Loan Programs by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1991), 14-17. Bibliography Format: U.S. Department of Agriculture. Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit and Rural Development of the Committee on Agriculture, U.S. House of Representatives. Attorney-client Privilege and the Right of Congressional Access to Documents for Oversight Purposes in the Case of the Suspension of the Telephone Loan Programs by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1991. 2. Government Commission Publications Notes Format: 2. U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Annual Report of the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1977/78), 10. Bibliography Format: U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Annual Report of the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1977/78. 3. Treaties Notes Format: 3. U.S. Department of State. "Tourism." 3 October 1989. TIAS no. 12403. United States Treaties and Other International Agreements. Bibliography Format: U.S. Department of State. "Tourism." 3 October 1989. TIAS no. 12403. United States Treaties and Other International Agreements. 4. Administrative and Legislative Reports Note: Administrative or Legislative Reports should be cited only in the text or notes. Notes Format: 72. Colorado General Assembly, Colorado Commission on Higher Education, 1996 Legislative Report on Higher Education Admission Standards (Denver, 1996), 11. 5. State Laws and Municipal Ordinances Note: State laws or municipal ordinances should be cited only in the text or the notes, although compilations of state laws (codes) or municipal ordinances may be cited in the bibliography. Notes Format: 5. Colorado Revised Statutes, Annotated (Michie Co., 1974), sec. 2. Examples of How to Arrange Notes & Bibliography Entries1. Unknown, Uncertain or Anonymous Authors Note: Organize alphabetically and avoid using "Anonymous". When a work is of unknown origin, use the first word of its title, excluding definite or indefinite articles which may be transposed to the end of the title. When the author's name is known but does not appear on the title page place it before the title as you would normally, but in [brackets]. When the author's name is uncertain, indicate so with a question mark inside the [brackets?]. Notes Example: 4. "Passing Race, A," Canadian Magazine, 71 (1929): 34. 4. [Joe Schmoe?], "Passing Race, A," Canadian Magazine, 71 (1929): 34. Bibliography Example: Parsons, Elsie Clews. Folk-Lore of the Sea Islands, South Carolina. 1923. Reprint, Chicago: Afro-Am Press, 1969. "Passing Race, A," Canadian Magazine, 71 (1929): 34. Peterkin, Julia. Black April. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1927. [Joe Schmoe?], "Passing Race, A," Canadian Magazine, 71 (1929): 34. 2. Author Name Included in Source Title Notes Example: 5. The Collected Poems of W. B. Yeats (New York: Macmillan, 1977), 31. Bibliography Example: Yeats, W. B. The Collected Poems of W. B. Yeats. New York: Macmillan, 1977. 3. Author of One Work is First Co-Author of Another Notes Example: Shor, Ira. Culture Wars: School and Society in the Conservative Restoration, 1969-1982. (Boston: Routledge and K. Paul, 1986), 55. Shor, Ira. and Paul Friere. A Pedagogy of Liberation: Dialogues on Transforming Education. (New York: Bergin and Garvey, 1987), 112- 115. 4. Multiple Works by Same Author: Using "three em" (---) Dashes Notes Example: 7. Julia Peterkin. Black April. Indianapolis: (Bobbs-Merrill, 1927), 48. 8. ---. Scarlet Sister Mary. Indianapolis: (Bobbs-Merrill, 1928), 92. 5. Source Quoted in another Source Note: Both sources are cited in the same note. In this case, the format combines both the elements for citing a Book Review with elements for citing a book with one author. The source of the quote itself does not require a bibliographic entry. Notes Example: 6. Annie Dillard, "Write Till You Drop," New York Times Book Review, 28 May 1989, 1, quoted in John Calderazzo, Writing from Scratch: Freelancing (Savage, MD: Littlefield Adams Quality Paperbacks, 1990), 6. 6. Using "Ibid" and Shortened Citations Note: "Ibid.," the Latin abbreviation meaning "in the same place", may replace a full citation in consecutively ordered notes referencing the same piece of work. A shortened version of the note may then be substituted for all non-consecutive citations. Notes Example: 5. Julia Peterkin. Scarlet Sister Mary. Indianapolis: (Bobbs-Merrill, 1928), 56. 6. Ibid., 113. 7. __________(Unrelated Full Citation)____________. 8. __________(Unrelated Full Citation)____________. 9. Peterkin, Scarlet, 225. 7. Cross-Referencing Notes Note Example: 10. See note 5 above. Additional CMS Notes ResourcesPrinted Resources: University of Chicago Press. The Chicago Manual of Style: The Essential Guide for Writers, Editors, and Publishers. 14th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. University of Chicago Press. The Chicago Manual of Style: The Essential Guide for Writers, Editors, and Publishers. 15th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003. Turabian, K. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. 6th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. Electronic Resources: The official Chicago Manual of Style website, updated regularly, is the comprehensive guide to all things CMS: the organization, its journals, products and services. Citation InformationWill Allen, Peter Connor, Heidi Scott, and Laurel Nesbitt. (1994-2022). Citation Guide: Chicago Manual of Style (Notes System). The WAC Clearinghouse. Colorado State University. Available at https://wac.colostate.edu/resources/writing/guides/. Copyright InformationCopyright © 1994-2022 Colorado State University and/or this site's authors, developers, and contributors. Some material displayed on this site is used with permission. How do you format a bibliographic citation in Chicago Manual of Style?A Chicago style bibliography lists the sources cited in your text. Each bibliography entry begins with the author's name and the title of the source, followed by relevant publication details. The bibliography is alphabetized by authors' last names.
What is the difference between notes and bibliography in Chicago style?Note and Bibliography. The Chicago style uses two methods for citing resources. The Notes and Bibliography method uses numbered footnotes or end notes to cite resources and usually a corresponding bibliography at the end of the paper.
How do you write a Chicago style note?How to format a Chicago-style paper. One inch margins on sides, top and bottom.. Use Times or Times New Roman 12 pt font.. Double-space the text of the paper.. Use left-justified text, which will have a ragged right edge. ... . Use a 1/2" indent for paragraph beginnings, block quotes and hanging (bibliography) indents.. |