One a day prenatal vitamins before pregnancy

Wonder if you need to take prenatal vitamins? Or what to do if they make you constipated? Get answers to these questions and more.

By Mayo Clinic Staff

A healthy diet is the best way to get the vitamins and minerals you need. But during pregnancy you might fall short on key nutrients. If you're pregnant or hoping to conceive, prenatal vitamins can help fill any gaps.

Why are prenatal vitamins important?

During pregnancy, you need more folic acid and iron than usual. Here's why:

  • Folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects. These defects are serious abnormalities of the fetal brain and spinal cord. Ideally, you'll begin taking extra folic acid at least 3 months before you become pregnant.
  • Iron supports the development of the placenta and fetus. Iron helps your body make blood to supply oxygen to the fetus. Iron also helps prevent anemia, a condition in which blood has a low number of healthy red blood cells.

Which prenatal vitamin is best?

Prenatal vitamins are available over-the-counter in nearly any pharmacy. Your health care provider might recommend a specific brand or leave the choice up to you.

Beyond checking for folic acid and iron, look for a prenatal vitamin that contains calcium and vitamin D. They help promote the development of the baby's teeth and bones. It also might be beneficial to look for a prenatal vitamin that contains vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, B vitamins, zinc and iodine.

In addition, your health care provider might suggest higher doses of certain nutrients depending on the circumstances. For example, if you've given birth to a baby who has a neural tube defect, your health care provider might recommend a separate supplement containing a higher dose of folic acid — such as 4 milligrams (4,000 micrograms) — before and during any subsequent pregnancies.

But in general, avoid taking extra prenatal vitamins or multivitamins with dosing in excess of what you need on a daily basis. High doses of some vitamins may be harmful to your baby. For example, extra vitamin A during pregnancy can potentially cause harm to your baby.

Do I need to be concerned about other nutrients?

Omega-3 fatty acids, a type of fat found naturally in many kinds of fish, help promote a baby's brain development. If you don't eat fish or other foods high in omega-3 fatty acids, your health care provider might recommend omega-3 fatty acid supplements in addition to prenatal vitamins.

When should I start taking prenatal vitamins?

Ideally, you'll start taking prenatal vitamins before conception. In fact, it's generally a good idea for women of reproductive age to regularly take a prenatal vitamin. The baby's neural tube, which becomes the brain and spinal cord, develops during the first month of pregnancy — perhaps before you even know that you're pregnant.

Do prenatal vitamins have any side effects?

Sometimes the iron in prenatal vitamins contributes to constipation. To prevent constipation:

  • Drink plenty of fluids
  • Include more fiber in your diet
  • Include physical activity in your daily routine, as long as you have your health care provider's OK
  • Ask your health care provider about using a stool softener

If these tips don't seem to help, ask your health care provider about other options.

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April 19, 2022

  1. Garner CD, et al. Nutrition in pregnancy. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 16, 2020.
  2. AskMayoExpert. Preconception care. Mayo Clinic; 2019.
  3. Constipation. National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation/treatment?dkrd=hispt0166. Accessed Jan. 16, 2020.
  4. Frequently asked questions. Pregnancy FAQ001: Nutrition during pregnancy. https://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Nutrition-During-Pregnancy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Accessed Jan. 16, 2020.
  5. Gabbe SG, et al., eds. Nutrition during pregnancy. In: Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2017. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Jan. 16, 2020.
  6. Butler Tobah YS (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. April 10, 2020.

See more In-depth

See also

  1. Air travel during pregnancy
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  3. Ankle swelling during pregnancy
  4. Antibiotics and pregnancy
  5. Aspirin during pregnancy
  6. Baby brain
  7. Pregnancy back pain
  8. Falling during pregnancy: Reason to worry?
  9. Flu shot in pregnancy
  10. Headaches during pregnancy: What's the best treatment?
  11. Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy: Prevention tips
  12. Kratom and pregnancy: Not a safe mix
  13. Leg cramps during pregnancy
  14. Placenta
  15. Pregnancy acne
  16. Pregnancy and exercise
  17. Pregnancy and fish
  18. Pregnancy and hot tubs
  19. Pregnancy basics
  20. Pregnancy constipation
  21. Pregnancy diet: Essential nutrients
  22. Pregnancy due date calculator
  23. Pregnancy nutrition don'ts
  24. Pregnancy weight gain
  25. Pregnant. Now What Happens?
  26. Prenatal testing
  27. Prenatal testing: Quick guide to common tests
  28. Prenatal yoga
  29. Sex during pregnancy
  30. Sleep during pregnancy
  31. Vegetable recipes
  32. Fetal ultrasound
  33. Twin pregnancy
  34. Vaccines during pregnancy
  35. Vaping during pregnancy
  36. Fetal ultrasound
  37. Working during pregnancy
  38. X-ray during pregnancy

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Is one a day prenatal vitamin good for conceiving?

Can prenatals increase my fertility? Taking your prenatal vitamin won't make you any more likely to get pregnant. This one is just a myth we're happy to bust.

Can I take prenatal vitamins before getting pregnant?

Ideally, you'll start taking prenatal vitamins before conception. In fact, it's generally a good idea for women of reproductive age to regularly take a prenatal vitamin.

What prenatal vitamins should I take to get pregnant?

There are many vitamins to help get pregnant, but these, according to the experts, are some of the best conception vitamins for women..
Folic Acid. ... .
Vitamin E. ... .
Vitamin D. ... .
Fish Oil. ... .
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) ... .
Selenium. ... .
Folic Acid. ... .
CoQ10..

How long after taking prenatal vitamins can you get pregnant?

Start taking folic acid at least 1 month before you start trying to get pregnant. Keep taking prenatal vitamins throughout your entire pregnancy. Pregnancy is taxing on the body's nutritional stores.