Normal Distribution Author(s) David M. LanePrerequisites Areas Under Normal Distribution Please answer the questions: For help with statistical anxiety visit Affordable Board Certified Counseling |
Average Calculator
Calculate the average of a set of data. Average is the same as mean.
average = sum of data / number of data values
Basic Statistics Calculator
Calculate the minimum, maximum, sum, count, mean, median, mode, standard deviation and variance for a data set.
Descriptive Statistics Calculator
Calculations include the basic descriptive statistics plus additional values. Calculate the minimum, maximum, range, sum, count, mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance, midrange, quartiles, sum of squares, mean deviation, absolute deviation, root mean square, standard error of the mean, skewness, kurtosis, coefficient of variation and frequency for a set of data.
Final Exam Grade Calculator
Calculate the grade you need on the final exam to get a desired grade for the course.
GPA Calculator
Calculate grade point average and cumulative grade point averages.
Mean Calculator
Calculate the mean of a set of data. Mean is the same as
average.
mean = sum of data / number of data values
Mean Median Mode Calculator
Calculate the statistical mean, median and mode for a set of data.
Odds Probability
Convert "odds of winning" an event into a percentage chance of success.
Percentile Calculator
Calculate any percentile and get a table of every 5th percentile for a given data set.
Quartile Calculator
Calculate first, second and third quartiles, the interquartile range, and minimum and maximum for a data set.
Interquartile Range Calculator
Calculate first, second and third quartiles, the interquartile range, and minimum and maximum for a data set.
PIN Generator
Create PIN numbers of 1 to 100 digits long with or without repeats.
Random Card Generator
Draw 1 to 52 cards randomly from a shuffled deck of playing cards.
Random Name Picker
Randomly pick a name or multiple names from a list. Sort a list of names or generate multiple picks with repeats.
Random Number Generator
Generate one or more random numbers from a custom range of numbers you select with or without repeats and sorting.
Random Number Generator 1-10
Pick a randomly generated number between 1 and 10.
Random Number Generator 1-100
Pick a randomly generated number between 1 and 100.
Random Number and Letter Set Generator
Generate one or more random numbers or random letter sets from a range of numbers or letters.
Standard Deviation Calculator
Calculate the standard deviation and variance for a set of data.
Statistics Formulas
Formulas include the basic descriptive statistics to calculate the minimum, maximum, range, sum, count, mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance, midrange, percentiles, quartiles, outliers, sum of squares, mean deviation, absolute deviation, root mean square, standard error of the mean, skewness, kurtosis, kurtosis excess, and coefficient of variation.
Stem and Leaf Plot Generator
Create stem and leaf plots, or stemplots, for sets of data values and calculate basic statistics including the minimum, maximum, sum, count, mean, median, mode, standard deviation and variance.
Sum Calculator
Calculate the sum of a set of numbers. Calculator performs addition or summation to compute the total amount of entered data set.
Variance Calculator
Calculate variance, standard deviation and variables needed to calculate variance including sample size n, mean and sum of squares of the sample set.
Vote Percentage Calculator
Calculate the percentage weight of two or three numbers that make up a total sum of the sample set.
Z-Score Calculator
Calculate the z-score using one of three methods including for a set of data.
Use this calculator to compute the z-score of a normal distribution.
Z-score and Probability Converter
Please provide any one value to convert between z-score and probability. This is the equivalent of referencing a z-table.
Z-score, Z | |
Probability, P(x<Z) | |
Probability, P(x>Z) | |
Probability, P(0 to Z or Z to 0) | |
Probability, P(-Z<x<Z) | |
Probability, P(x<-Z or x>Z) | |
Probability between Two Z-scores
Use this calculator to find the probability (area P in the diagram) between two z-scores.
What is z-score?
The z-score, also referred to as standard score, z-value, and normal score, among other things, is a dimensionless quantity that is used to indicate the signed, fractional, number of standard deviations by which an event is above the mean value being measured. Values above the mean have positive z-scores, while values below the mean have negative z-scores.
The z-score can be calculated by subtracting the population mean from the raw score, or data point in question (a test score, height, age, etc.), then dividing the difference by the population standard deviation:
where x is the raw score, μ is the population mean, and σ is the population standard deviation.
The z-score has numerous applications and can be used to perform a z-test, calculate prediction intervals, process control applications, comparison of scores on different scales, and more.
Z-table
A z-table, also known as a standard normal table or unit normal table, is a table that consists of standardized values that are used to determine the probability that a given statistic is below, above, or between the standard normal distribution.
The table below is a right-tail z-table. Although there are a number of types of z-tables, the right-tail z-table is commonly what is meant when a z-table is referenced. It is used to find the area between z = 0 and any positive value, and reference the area to the right-hand side of the standard deviation curve.
Z Table from Mean (0 to Z)
z | 0 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 |
0 | 0 | 0.00399 | 0.00798 | 0.01197 | 0.01595 | 0.01994 | 0.02392 | 0.0279 | 0.03188 | 0.03586 |
0.1 | 0.03983 | 0.0438 | 0.04776 | 0.05172 | 0.05567 | 0.05962 | 0.06356 | 0.06749 | 0.07142 | 0.07535 |
0.2 | 0.07926 | 0.08317 | 0.08706 | 0.09095 | 0.09483 | 0.09871 | 0.10257 | 0.10642 | 0.11026 | 0.11409 |
0.3 | 0.11791 | 0.12172 | 0.12552 | 0.1293 | 0.13307 | 0.13683 | 0.14058 | 0.14431 | 0.14803 | 0.15173 |
0.4 | 0.15542 | 0.1591 | 0.16276 | 0.1664 | 0.17003 | 0.17364 | 0.17724 | 0.18082 | 0.18439 | 0.18793 |
0.5 | 0.19146 | 0.19497 | 0.19847 | 0.20194 | 0.2054 | 0.20884 | 0.21226 | 0.21566 | 0.21904 | 0.2224 |
0.6 | 0.22575 | 0.22907 | 0.23237 | 0.23565 | 0.23891 | 0.24215 | 0.24537 | 0.24857 | 0.25175 | 0.2549 |
0.7 | 0.25804 | 0.26115 | 0.26424 | 0.2673 | 0.27035 | 0.27337 | 0.27637 | 0.27935 | 0.2823 | 0.28524 |
0.8 | 0.28814 | 0.29103 | 0.29389 | 0.29673 | 0.29955 | 0.30234 | 0.30511 | 0.30785 | 0.31057 | 0.31327 |
0.9 | 0.31594 | 0.31859 | 0.32121 | 0.32381 | 0.32639 | 0.32894 | 0.33147 | 0.33398 | 0.33646 | 0.33891 |
1 | 0.34134 | 0.34375 | 0.34614 | 0.34849 | 0.35083 | 0.35314 | 0.35543 | 0.35769 | 0.35993 | 0.36214 |
1.1 | 0.36433 | 0.3665 | 0.36864 | 0.37076 | 0.37286 | 0.37493 | 0.37698 | 0.379 | 0.381 | 0.38298 |
1.2 | 0.38493 | 0.38686 | 0.38877 | 0.39065 | 0.39251 | 0.39435 | 0.39617 | 0.39796 | 0.39973 | 0.40147 |
1.3 | 0.4032 | 0.4049 | 0.40658 | 0.40824 | 0.40988 | 0.41149 | 0.41308 | 0.41466 | 0.41621 | 0.41774 |
1.4 | 0.41924 | 0.42073 | 0.4222 | 0.42364 | 0.42507 | 0.42647 | 0.42785 | 0.42922 | 0.43056 | 0.43189 |
1.5 | 0.43319 | 0.43448 | 0.43574 | 0.43699 | 0.43822 | 0.43943 | 0.44062 | 0.44179 | 0.44295 | 0.44408 |
1.6 | 0.4452 | 0.4463 | 0.44738 | 0.44845 | 0.4495 | 0.45053 | 0.45154 | 0.45254 | 0.45352 | 0.45449 |
1.7 | 0.45543 | 0.45637 | 0.45728 | 0.45818 | 0.45907 | 0.45994 | 0.4608 | 0.46164 | 0.46246 | 0.46327 |
1.8 | 0.46407 | 0.46485 | 0.46562 | 0.46638 | 0.46712 | 0.46784 | 0.46856 | 0.46926 | 0.46995 | 0.47062 |
1.9 | 0.47128 | 0.47193 | 0.47257 | 0.4732 | 0.47381 | 0.47441 | 0.475 | 0.47558 | 0.47615 | 0.4767 |
2 | 0.47725 | 0.47778 | 0.47831 | 0.47882 | 0.47932 | 0.47982 | 0.4803 | 0.48077 | 0.48124 | 0.48169 |
2.1 | 0.48214 | 0.48257 | 0.483 | 0.48341 | 0.48382 | 0.48422 | 0.48461 | 0.485 | 0.48537 | 0.48574 |
2.2 | 0.4861 | 0.48645 | 0.48679 | 0.48713 | 0.48745 | 0.48778 | 0.48809 | 0.4884 | 0.4887 | 0.48899 |
2.3 | 0.48928 | 0.48956 | 0.48983 | 0.4901 | 0.49036 | 0.49061 | 0.49086 | 0.49111 | 0.49134 | 0.49158 |
2.4 | 0.4918 | 0.49202 | 0.49224 | 0.49245 | 0.49266 | 0.49286 | 0.49305 | 0.49324 | 0.49343 | 0.49361 |
2.5 | 0.49379 | 0.49396 | 0.49413 | 0.4943 | 0.49446 | 0.49461 | 0.49477 | 0.49492 | 0.49506 | 0.4952 |
2.6 | 0.49534 | 0.49547 | 0.4956 | 0.49573 | 0.49585 | 0.49598 | 0.49609 | 0.49621 | 0.49632 | 0.49643 |
2.7 | 0.49653 | 0.49664 | 0.49674 | 0.49683 | 0.49693 | 0.49702 | 0.49711 | 0.4972 | 0.49728 | 0.49736 |
2.8 | 0.49744 | 0.49752 | 0.4976 | 0.49767 | 0.49774 | 0.49781 | 0.49788 | 0.49795 | 0.49801 | 0.49807 |
2.9 | 0.49813 | 0.49819 | 0.49825 | 0.49831 | 0.49836 | 0.49841 | 0.49846 | 0.49851 | 0.49856 | 0.49861 |
3 | 0.49865 | 0.49869 | 0.49874 | 0.49878 | 0.49882 | 0.49886 | 0.49889 | 0.49893 | 0.49896 | 0.499 |
3.1 | 0.49903 | 0.49906 | 0.4991 | 0.49913 | 0.49916 | 0.49918 | 0.49921 | 0.49924 | 0.49926 | 0.49929 |
3.2 | 0.49931 | 0.49934 | 0.49936 | 0.49938 | 0.4994 | 0.49942 | 0.49944 | 0.49946 | 0.49948 | 0.4995 |
3.3 | 0.49952 | 0.49953 | 0.49955 | 0.49957 | 0.49958 | 0.4996 | 0.49961 | 0.49962 | 0.49964 | 0.49965 |
3.4 | 0.49966 | 0.49968 | 0.49969 | 0.4997 | 0.49971 | 0.49972 | 0.49973 | 0.49974 | 0.49975 | 0.49976 |
3.5 | 0.49977 | 0.49978 | 0.49978 | 0.49979 | 0.4998 | 0.49981 | 0.49981 | 0.49982 | 0.49983 | 0.49983 |
3.6 | 0.49984 | 0.49985 | 0.49985 | 0.49986 | 0.49986 | 0.49987 | 0.49987 | 0.49988 | 0.49988 | 0.49989 |
3.7 | 0.49989 | 0.4999 | 0.4999 | 0.4999 | 0.49991 | 0.49991 | 0.49992 | 0.49992 | 0.49992 | 0.49992 |
3.8 | 0.49993 | 0.49993 | 0.49993 | 0.49994 | 0.49994 | 0.49994 | 0.49994 | 0.49995 | 0.49995 | 0.49995 |
3.9 | 0.49995 | 0.49995 | 0.49996 | 0.49996 | 0.49996 | 0.49996 | 0.49996 | 0.49996 | 0.49997 | 0.49997 |
4 | 0.49997 | 0.49997 | 0.49997 | 0.49997 | 0.49997 | 0.49997 | 0.49998 | 0.49998 | 0.49998 | 0.49998 |